Ischemic Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)


Epidemiology


Etiology

Arterial Embolism

Cardiac Source

Arterial Source

Paradoxical Embolism

Arterial Thrombosis

Drug

Other


Diagnostic Imaging

Head CT (see Head Computed Tomography, Head Computed Tomography)

Clinical Efficacy

Brain MRI (see Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

Recommendations for Diagnostic Imaging Evaluation in Patients with Acute Cerebral Ischemic Symptoms Which Have Not Yet Resolved (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Recommendations for Diagnostic Imaging Evaluation in Patients with Acute Cerebral Ischemic Symptoms Which Have Resolved (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]


Other Diagnostic Testing

Electrocardiogram (EKG) (see Electrocardiogram, Electrocardiogram)

Clinical Utility

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Chest X-Ray (see Chest X-Ray, Chest X-Ray)

Clinical Utility

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Serum Troponin (see Serum Troponin, Serum Troponin)

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Echocardiogram (see Echocardiogram, Echocardiogram)

Clinical Utility


Clinical Syndromes

Syndromes Involving Intracranial Vertebral Arteries

Cerebellar Infarction

Hemimedullary Infarction

Lateral Medullary Infarction (Wallenberg Syndrome)

Medial Medullary Infarction


Clinical Manifestations

Initial Evaluation of Acute Stroke

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Cardiovascular Manifestations

Elevated Serum Troponin (see Elevated Serum Troponin, Elevated Serum Troponin)

Hypovolemia (see Hypovolemic Shock, Hypovolemic Shock)

Prolonged QT (see Torsade, Torsade)

Endocrinologic Manifestations

Hyperglycemia (see Hyperglycemia, Hyperglycemia)

Gastrointestinal Manifestations

Neurologic Manifestations

Pulmonary Manifestations

Renal Manifestations

Other Manifestations

Fever (see Fever, Fever)


Treatment

General Management

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Hypertension Management (see Hypertension, Hypertension)

General Comments

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Cardiovascular/Hemodynamic Management

Clinical Efficacy

General Recommendations

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Systemic Thrombolytics (see Alteplase, Alteplase)

Administration

Clinical Efficacy

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Endovascular Therapy

Clinical Efficacy

Selected Recommendations (American Heart Association Stroke Council Focused 2015 Update of 2013 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Regarding Endovascular Treatment) [MEDLINE]

Anti-Platelet Agents

Agents

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Anticoagulation

Clinical Efficacy

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Management of Cerebral Edema (see Increased Intracranial Pressure, Increased Intracranial Pressure)

Techniques

Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) (see Carotid Endarterectomy, Carotid Endarterectomy)

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Seizure Management (see Seizures, Seizures)

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Hydrocephalus Management (see Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus)

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Fever Management (see Fever, Fever)

Rationale

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Glucose Management (see Hyperglycemia, Hyperglycemia)

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis (see Deep Venous Thrombosis, Deep Venous Thrombosis and Acute Pulmonary Embolism, Acute Pulmonary Embolism)

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Gastrointestinal/Nutrition Management

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Renal Management

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Respiratory Management

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Statin Therapy (see HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Physical Therapy/Occupational Therapy

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Acute Ischemic Stroke Guidelines, 2013) [MEDLINE]

Other Treatments with Unclear or No Proven Efficacy in Stroke


References

General

Clinical

Treatment

Intravenous Thrombolytics (see Thrombolytics, Thrombolytics)

Endovascular Therapy

Decompressive Craniectomy