Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage
Epidemiology
Risk Factors
Etiology
Coagulopathy
Acquired Vitamin K Deficiency (see Vitamin K , [[Vitamin K]])
Anticoagulation
General Comments : incidence is 0.6-6.6% in the setting of therapeutic anticoagulation
Coumadin (see Coumadin , [[Coumadin]])
Factor IIa (Thrombin) Inhibitors (see Factor IIa Inhibitors , [[Factor IIa Inhibitors]])
Argatroban (Acova) (see Argatroban , [[Argatroban]])
Bivalirudin (Angiomax, Angiox) (see Bivalirudin , [[Bivalirudin]])
Dabigatran (Pradaxa) (see Dabigatran , [[Dabigatran]])
Desirudin (Iprivask, Revasc) (see Desirudin , [[Desirudin]])
Lepirudin (Refludan (see Lepirudin , [[Lepirudin]])
Factor Xa Inhibitors (see Factor Xa Inhibitors , [[Factor Xa Inhibitors]])
Apixaban (Eliquis) (see Apixaban , [[Apixaban]])
Betrixaban
Danaparoid (Orgaran) (see Danaparoid , [[Danaparoid]])
Edoxaban (Lixiana) (see Edoxaban , [[Edoxaban]])
Fondaparinux (Arixtra (see Fondaparinux , [[Fondaparinux]])
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) (see Rivaroxaban , [[Rivaroxaban]])
Heparins
Dalteparin (Fragmin) (see Dalteparin , [[Dalteparin]])
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) (see Enoxaparin , [[Enoxaparin]])
Heparin (Unfractionated) (see Heparin , [[Heparin]])
Antiplatelet Agents
Coagulopathic Conditions
IIb/IIIa Inhibitors (see IIb IIIa Inhibitors , [[IIb IIIa Inhibitors]])
Abciximab (ReoPro) (see Abciximab , [[Abciximab]])
Eptifibatide (Integrilin) (see Eptifibatide , [[Eptifibatide]])
Tirofiban (Aggrastat) (see Tirofiban , [[Tirofiban]])
Thrombocytopenia (see Thrombocytopenia , [[Thrombocytopenia]])
Thrombolytics (see Thrombolytics , [[Thrombolytics]])
Iatrogenic
Femoral Arterial Puncture
Cardiac Catheterization : incidence is 0.15%
Femoral Venous Puncture
Central Venous Catheter Placement
Renal Biopsy
Trans-Lumbar Aortography
Other
Hemorrhage from Adrenal Cyst
Rupture of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) (see Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm , [[Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm]])
Rupture of Left Inferior Phrenic Artery
Trauma
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Disgnosis
Abdominal Ultrasound : may be diagnostic
Abdominal/Pelvic CT without Contrast : diagnostic
Clinical Manifestations
Cardiovascular Manifestations
Gastrointestinal Manifestations
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (see Abdominal Compartment Syndrome , [[Abdominal Compartment Syndrome]]): may occur in cases with severe retroperitoneal hemorrhage
Other Manifestations
Back Pain (see Back Pain , [[Back Pain]])
Femoral/Lumbar Plexus Compressive Neuropathy : may present with lower extremity pain/sensory or motor findings
Treatment
Correction of Coagulopathy : usually the mainstay of treatment for coagulopathy-related cases
Specific Management of Femoral/Lumbar Plexus Compressive Neuropathy
Conservative Management
Surgical Decompression
References
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