Definitions

• Erythroderma: majority of skin surface is erythematous
  • Morbilliform (Measles-Like) Rash (see also Exanthems, [[Exanthems]]): erythematous maculopapular rash
  • Scarlatiniform (Scarlet Fever-Like) Rash (see also Exanthems, [[Exanthems]]): blanching erythematous rash

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Etiology

Primary Cutaneous Disorders

• Atopic Dermatitis
• Contact Dermatitis (see Contact Dermatitis-Allergic, [[Contact Dermatitis-Allergic]] and Contact Dermatitis-Irritant, [[Contact Dermatitis-Irritant]])
  • Local Contact Dermatitis
  • Systemic Contact Dermatitis
• Psoriasis (see Psoriasis, [[Psoriasis]])
  • Pustular Psoriasis: may present with migratory waves of erythema with superficial pustules
• Seborrheic Erythroderma
• Stasis Erythroderma
• Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris

Infection

• Kawasaki Disease (see Kawasaki Disease, [[Kawasaki Disease]])
• Scarlet Fever (see Scarlet Fever, [[Scarlet Fever]])
• Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (see Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome, [[Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome]])
• Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) (see Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome, [[Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome]])
• Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) (see Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome, [[Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome]])

Malignancy

• Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (see Lymphoma, [[Lymphoma]])
• Lymphoma (see Lymphoma, [[Lymphoma]])
• Erythroderma Associated with Solid Tumors: case reports only (with most cases reported in association with late-stage disease)
  • Colon Cancer
  • Hepatocellular Carcinoma
  • Lung Cancer
  • Prostate Cancer
  • Thyroid Cancer

Drugs

• Allopurinol (see Allopurinol, [[Allopurinol]])
• Carbamazepine (see Carbamazepine, [[Carbamazepine]])
• Dapsone (see Dapsone, [[Dapsone]])
• Lamotrigine (Lamictal) (see Lamotrigine, [[Lamotrigine]])
• Minocycline (see Minocycline, [[Minocycline]])
• Modafinil (see Modafinil, [[Modafinil]])
• Nevirapine (see Nevirapine, [[Nevirapine]])
• Penicillins (see Penicillins, [[Penicillins]])
• Phenobarbital (see Phenobarbital, [[Phenobarbital]])
• Phenytoin (Dilantin) (see Phenytoin, [[Phenytoin]])
• Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine) (see Sulfasalazine, [[Sulfasalazine]])
• Sulfonamides (see Sulfonamides, [[Sulfonamides]])
• Vancomycin-Associated Red Man Syndrome (see Vancomycin, [[Vancomycin]])

Other

• Anaphylaxis (see Anaphylaxis, [[Anaphylaxis]])
• Idiopathic Erythroderma

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Clinical

Dermatologic Manifestations

• Erythroderma
• Scaling: may be present
• Erosions: may be present
• Pustules: may be present
• Shedding of Hair and Nails: may be present
• Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) (see Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms, [[Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms]]): may occur with drug-induced cases

Other Manifestations

• Fever (see Fever, [[Fever]])
• Hypothermia
• Lymphadenopathy (see Lymphadenopathy, [[Lymphadenopathy]])
• Peripheral Edema (see Peripheral Edema, [[Peripheral Edema]])
• Hypoalbuminemia (see Hypoalbuminemia, [[Hypoalbuminemia]])
• High Cardiac Output Congestive Heart Failure (see Congestive Heart Failure, [[Congestive Heart Failure]])

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References

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