Ankylosing Spondylitis


Epidemiology


Physiology


Diagnosis


Clinical Manifestations

Cardiovascular Manifestations

Ophthalmologic Manifestations

Pulmonary Manifestations (typically insidious onset)

Apical Interstitial Lung Disease with or without Apical Fibrobullous Disease

Pleural Disease

Spontaneous Pneumothorax (see Pneumothorax, [[Pneumothorax]])

Atelectasis (see Atelectasis, [[Atelectasis]])

Chronic Aspiration Pneumonia (see Aspiration Pneumonia, [[Aspiration Pneumonia]]):

Thoracic Cage Immobility

Bronchocentric Granulomatosis (see Bronchocentric Granulomatosis, [[Bronchocentric Granulomatosis]])

Scar Lung Carcinoma (see Lung Cancer, [[Lung Cancer]])

Mediastinal Fibrosis (see xxxx, [[xxxx]])

Cricoarytenoid Arthritis (see Cricoarytenoid Arthritis, [[Cricoarytenoid Arthritis]]): has been reported

Renal Manifestations

Rheumatologic Manifestations

Other Manifestations


Treatment


References