Etiology

Hereditary

• Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia
• Down’s Syndrome
• Dubowitz Syndrome
• Dyskeratosis Congenita
• Familial Aplastic Anemia
• Fanconi Anemia
• Preleukemia: monosomy 7, etc
• Reticular Dysgenesis
• Seckel Syndrome
• Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome

Acquired

Drug

• Acetazolamide (Diamox) (see Acetazolamide, [[Acetazolamide]]): moderate risk of aplastic anemia
• Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) (see Acetylsalicylic Acid, [[Acetylsalicylic Acid]])
• Allopurinol (see Allopurinol, [[Allopurinol]]): unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Bismuth (see Bismuth, [[Bismuth]])
• Captopril (Capoten) (see Captopril, [[Captopril]]): low risk of aplastic anemia
• Carbamazepine (Tegretol) (see Carbamazepine, [[Carbamazepine]])
• Carbimazole (Neo-Mercazole): unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Chloramphenicol (see Chloramphenicol, [[Chloramphenicol]])
• Chlordiazepoxide (Librium): unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Chloroquine (see Chloroquine, [[Chloroquine]])
• Chlorothiazide (see Chlorothiazide, [[Chlorothiazide]]): low risk of aplastic anemia
• Chlorpheniramine
• Chlorpromazine (Thorazine, Largactil, Megaphen) (see Chlorpromazine, [[Chlorpromazine]]): unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Chemotherapeutic Cytotoxic Drugs: cause bone marrow depression at commonly employed doses
  • Alkylating Agents
    • Busulfan (see Busulfan, [[Busulfan]])
    • Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) (see Cyclophosphamide, [[Cyclophosphamide]])
    • Melphalan (see Melphalan, [[Melphalan]])
    • Nitrogen Mustard
  • Antimetabolites
    • 5-Fluorouracil (see 5-Fluorouracil, [[5-Fluorouracil]])
    • Mercaptopurine (see Mercaptopurine, [[Mercaptopurine]])
    • Methotrexate (see Methotrexate, [[Methotrexate]])
  • Antimitotics
  • Cytotoxic Antibiotics
    • Daunorubicin (see Daunorubicin, [[Daunorubicin]])
    • Doxorubicin (see Doxorubicin, [[Doxorubicin]])
    • Mitoxantrone (see Mitoxantrone, [[Mitoxantrone]])
• Cimetidine (see Cimetidine, [[Cimetidine]])
• Colchicine (see Colchicine, [[Colchicine]])
• Dapsone (see Dapsone, [[Dapsone]]): low risk of aplastic anemia
• Estrogens: in pregnancy and in high doses in animal studies
• Felbamate
• Flucytosine (see Flucytosine, [[Flucytosine]]): unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Furosemide (Lasix) (see Furosemide, [[Furosemide]]): low risk of aplastic anemia
• Gaunidine: unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Gold (see Gold, [[Gold]])
• Ibuprofen (see Ibuprofen, [[Ibuprofen]])
• Indomethacin (Indocin) (see Indomethacin, [[Indomethacin]])
• Lithium (see Lithium, [[Lithium]]): unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Mepacrine
• Mebendazole: unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Meprobamate: unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Methicillin (see Methicillin, [[Methicillin]]): unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Methimazole (Tapazole) (see Methimazole, [[Methimazole]]): low risk of aplastic anemia
• Methlydopa (see Methlydopa, [[Methlydopa]]): unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Methylprylon: unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Penicillamine (see Penicillamine, [[Penicillamine]])
• Phenacemide
• Phenylbutazone (see Phenylbutazone, [[Phenylbutazone]])
• Phenytoin (Dilantin) (see Phenytoin, [[Phenytoin]])
• Piperacetazine: unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Potassium Perchlorate: unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Prochlorperazine (Compazine, Stemzine, Buccastem, Stemetil, Phenotil) (see Prochlorperazine, [[Prochlorperazine]]): unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Propylthiouracil (PTU) (see Propylthiouracil, [[Propylthiouracil]]): low risk of aplastic anemia
• Quinacrine
• Quinidine: unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Streptomycin: unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (Bactrim) (see Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim, [[Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim]]): unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Sulfonamides: sulfa antibiotics, methimazole, methylthiouracil, propylthiouracil, tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, acetazolamide, methazolamide
• Sulindac (Clinoril) (see Sulindac)
• Tetracycline (see Tetracycline, [[Tetracycline]]): unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Thiocyanate: unclear association with aplastic anemia
• Ticlopidine (Ticlid) (see Ticlopidine, [[Ticlopidine]]): low risk of aplastic anemia

Infection

• Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) (see Epstein-Barr Virus, [[Epstein-Barr Virus]])
• Hepatitis (Non-A, Non-B, Non-C)
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (see Human Immunodeficiency Virus, [[Human Immunodeficiency Virus]])
• Parvovirus B19 (see Parvovirus B19, [[Parvovirus B19]])

Toxin

• Arsenic (see Arsenic, [[Arsenic]])
• Benzene (see Benzene, [[Benzene]]): frequently produces bone marrow depression
• Hydrocarbons (see Hydrocarbons, [[Hydrocarbons]]): chlorinated hydrocarbons
• Mercury (see Mercury, [[Mercury]])
• Organophosphates (see Organophosphates, [[Organophosphates]])

Other

• Eosinophilic Fasciitis
• Graft vs Host Disease (see Graft vs Host Disease, [[Graft vs Host Disease]])
• Grave’s Disease (see Grave’s Disease, [[Graves Disease]])
• Hashimoto Thyroiditis (see Hashimoto Thyroiditis, [[Hashimoto Thyroiditis]])
• Hyperimmunoglobulinemia
• Idiopathic Aplastic Anemia
• Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) (see Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, [[Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria]])
• Pregnancy (see Pregnancy, [[Pregnancy]])
• Radiation
• Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (see Rheumatoid Arthritis, [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]])
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (see Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]])
• Thymoma/Thymic Carcinoma

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Diagnosis

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Clinical

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Treatment

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References

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