Sleep


Normal Stages of Sleep


Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Effects of Intensive Care Unit Stay on Sleep Architecture

Factors Contributing to Sleep Disruption in the Intensive Care Unit


Clinical Effects of Sleep Deprivation in the Intensive Care Unit


Measures to Reduce Sleep Disruption in the Intensive Care Unit

Decrease ICU Noise Levels

Clustering of Care Activities

Early Mobilization

Ear Plugs

Eye Masks

Restoration of Natural Diurnal Lighting

Minimization of Sedation

Avoidance of Medications Which Suppress Slow-Wave Sleep and REM

Use of Sleep-Promoting Medications That Do Not Suppress Slow-Wave Sleep and REM

Multimodal Strategies to Enhance Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit

Other Therapies


References