Epidemiology

XXXXXXX

• xxx

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Etiology

Infection

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) (see Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2)

• Epidemiology
  • Case Reports (Chest, 2021) [MEDLINE]

Malignancy

Lung Cancer (see Lung Cancer)

• Epidemiology
  • Lung Cancer is the Most Common Malignant Etiology of Pulmonary Vein Thrombosis

Metastatic Malignancy

• Epidemiology
  • XXXX

Primary/Secondary Tumors of the Lung

• Epidemiology
  • Associated with
    • Liposarcoma
    • Mantle Cell Lymphoma of the Small Intestine
    • Metastatic Sarcoma

Lung Surgery

Lung Transplant (see Lung Transplant)

• Epidemiology
  • XXXX

Pulmonary Resection (see Pulmonary Resection)

• Epidemiology
  • Case Series (of 18 Patients) Associated with Left Upper Lobectomy (J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014) [MEDLINE]

Other

Atrial Myxoma (see Atrial Myxoma)

• Epidemiology
  • XXXX

Blunt Chest Trauma

• Epidemiology
  • XXXX

Congenital Pulmonary Venous Narrowing

• Epidemiology
  • XXXX

Hemoglobinopathy

• Epidemiology
  • XXXX

Hiatal Hernia

• Epidemiology
  • XXXX
• Physiology
  • Large Hiatal Hernia May Cause Compression of Intrathoracic Structures

Mitral Stenosis with an Obstructing Left Atrial Thrombus (see xxxx)

• Epidemiology
  • XXXX

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (RFCA) for Atrial Fibrillation (see xxxx and Atrial Fibrillation)

• Epidemiology
  • XXXX

Sclerosing Mediastinitis

• Epidemiology
  • XXXX

Sickle Cell Disease (see Sickle Cell Disease)

• Epidemiology
  • XXXX

Idiopathic

• Epidemiology
  • Idiopathic Pulmonary Vein Thrombosis May Occur in Some Cases

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Physiology

XXXXX

• xxx

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Diagnosis

XXXX (see xxxx)

• xxx

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Clinical Manifestations

Pulmonary Manifestations

General Comments

• Most Cases are Asymptomatic or Have Nonspecific Pulmonary Symptoms

Cough (see Cough)

• xxx

Dyspnea (see Dyspnea)

• xxx

Hemoptysis (see Hemoptysis)

• xxx

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Treatment

Anticoagulation

General Comments

• Anticoagulation is Considered Standard Therapy
  • XXXX

Antibiotic Therapy

• Indicated for Pulmonary Vein Thrombosis Following Lobectomy/Bilobectomy (Due to Risk of Life-Threatening Secondary Infection of the Lung)

Thrombectomy

• xxxx

Pulmonary Resection (see xxxx)

• xxx

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References

General

• Pulmonary Vein Thrombosis: A Recent Systematic Review. Cureus. 2017 Jan 23;9(1):e993. doi: 10.7759/cureus.993 [MEDLINE]

Etiology

• Left upper lobectomy can be a risk factor for thrombosis in the pulmonary vein stump. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2014, 9:5. 10.1186/1749-8090-9-5 [MEDLINE]
• Pulmonary Vein Thrombosis in COVID-19. Chest. 2021 Jun;159(6):e361-e364. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.11.064 [MEDLINE]