Epidemiology

• Formerly Classified as Nutritionally Variant Streptococci (see also Granulicatella)
• Granulicatella and Abiotrophia Species are Normal Flora in the Mouth, Urogenital Tract, and Intestine

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Medically-Relevant Members of Abiotrophia Genus

• Abiotrophia Defectiva (see Abiotrophia Defectiva)

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Clinical Manifestations

Cardiovascular Manifestations

• Infective Endocarditis (see Endocarditis)
  • Reported with Abiotrophia Defectiva
  • Approximately 5% of Infective Endocarditis Cases are Caused by Nutritionally Variant Streptococci Strains

Other Manifestations

• xxx
• xxx
• xxx

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Treatment/Prognosis

• Clinical Course with Nutritionally Variant Streptococci Strains is Often More Severe than that in Cases Caused by Enterococci or Viridans Streptococci (XXXX) [MEDLINE]
• Infections are difficult to treat: relapse rate of 41%, despite appropriate antibiotics (XXXX) [MEDLINE]

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References

• Endocarditis due to nutritionally deficient streptococci: therapeutic dilemma. Rev Infect Dis. 1987;9:908–916 [MEDLINE]
• Abiotrophia endocarditis: case report and review of the literature. Can J Cardiol 2005; 21. pp. 1309–11 [MEDLINE]
• Abiotrophia defectiva endocarditis and associated hemophagocytic syndrome–a first case report and review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis. 2008 Sep;12(5):478-82. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.01.014. Epub 2008 Jun 9 [MEDLINE]
• Granulicatella and Abiotrophia Species from Human Clinical Specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 2001 [MEDLINE]
• Endocarditis caused by nutritionally variant streptococci: a case report and literature review. Infez Med. 2012 Jun;20(2):67-74 [MEDLINE]