Etiology

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• xxxx
• xxxx
• xxxx

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Physiology

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Clinical

• Flushing (85-90% of cases)
  • Involving Foregut: long-lasting, purple
    • Mediators: killirein, 5-hydroxytryptophan, histamine, substance P
  • Involving Midgut: short-lasting, pink
    • Mediators: prostaglandins
• Secretory Diarrhea (70% of cases)
  • Mediators: gastrin, 5-hydroxytryptophan, histamine, prostaglandins, VIP
• Abdominal Pain (35% of cases)
  • Usually progressive
  • Small bowel obstruction
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Intestinal ischemia
• Facial Telangiectasias (25% of cases)
  • Mediators: unknown
• Bronchospasm (15% of cases)
  • Wheezing
  • Mediators: histamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan
• Pellegra (5% of cases) (see [[Niacin Deficiency]]): due to niacin deficiency
  • Dermatitis
  • Diarrhea
  • Dementia

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Treatment

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References

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