Clinical Manifestations

Pulmonary Manifestations

• Occupational Asthma (see Asthma-Occupationa, [[Asthma-Occupational]])
  • Exposure
    • Chrome platers
    • Welders

Dermatologic Manifestations

• Allergic Contact Dermatitis (see Contact Dermatitis, [[Contact Dermatitis]]): due to skin exposure to chromium
  • Exposure: chromium may be present in jewelry

Renal Manifestations

• Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) (see Acute Kidney Injury, [[Acute Kidney Injury]])
  • Epidemiology: definite association
  • Exposure: chromium workers
  • Physiology: Chromate is selectively concentrated in the convoluted proximal tubule
• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (see Chronic Kidney Disease, [[Chronic Kidney Disease]])
  • Epidemiology: possible association
  • Exposure: chromium workers
  • Physiology
    • Low molecular weight proteinuria is observed in chromium workers
    • Excessive urinary beta 2-microglobulin (a specific proximal tubule brush border protein) and retinol-binding protein have been reported in chrome platers and welders

References

• Environ Health Perspect. 1991 May;92:71-4 [MEDLINE]