Mitral Stenosis


Epidemiology


Etiology


Pathogenesis

Pulmonary Hypertension (see Pulmonary Hypertension, [[Pulmonary Hypertension]])

Hemoptysis/Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage (DAH) (see Hemoptysis, [[Hemoptysis]] and Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage, [[Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage]])


Diagnosis

Complete Blood Count (CBC) (see Complete Blood Count, [[Complete Blood Count]])

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) (see Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, [[Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate]])

Urinalysis (see Urinalysis, [[Urinalysis]])

Electrocardiogram (EKG) (see Electrocardiogram, [[Electrocardiogram]])

Chest X-Ray (see Chest X-Ray, [[Chest X-Ray]])

Chest CT (see Chest Computed Tomography, [[Chest Computed Tomography]])

Echocardiogram (see Echocardiogram, [[Echocardiogram]])

Technique

Findings

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guidelines for Valvular Heart Disease, 2014) (Circulation, 2014) [MEDLINE]

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (see Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test, [[Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test]])

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guidelines for Valvular Heart Disease, 2014) [MEDLINE]

Cardiac Catheterization (see Cardiac Catheterization, [[Cardiac Catheterization]])

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guidelines for Valvular Heart Disease, 2014) (Circulation, 2014) [MEDLINE]

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT’s) (see Pulmonary Function Tests, [[Pulmonary Function Tests]])


Clinical Manifestations

General Comments

Precipitants of Symptoms in Mitral Stenosis

Cardiovascular Manifestations

Atrial Fibrillation (see Atrial Fibrillation, [[Atrial Fibrillation]])

Chest Pain (see Chest Pain, [[Chest Pain]])

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (see Congestive Heart Failure, [[Congestive Heart Failure]])

Cardiac Physical Examination Findings in Mitral Stenosis

Infective Endocarditis (see Endocarditis, [[Endocarditis]])

Pulmonary Hypertension (see Pulmonary Hypertension, [[Pulmonary Hypertension]])

Systemic Embolization

Dermatologic Manifestations

Mitral Facies

Neurologic Manifestations

Fatigue (see Fatigue, [[Fatigue]])

Pulmonary Manifestations

Dyspnea (see Dyspnea, [[Dyspnea]])

Hemoptysis/Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage (DAH) (see Hemoptysis, [[Hemoptysis]] and Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage, [[Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage]])

Hoarseness (see Hoarseness, [[Hoarseness]])

Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis (see Interstitial Lung Disease, [[Interstitial Lung Disease]])

Orthopnea (see Orthopnea, [[Orthopnea]])

Pulmonary Edema (see Pulmonary Edema, [[Pulmonary Edema]])

Pulmonary Embolization

Other Manifestations


Secondary Prevention of Rheumatic Fever (see Rheumatic Fever, [[Rheumatic Fever]])

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guidelines for Valvular Heart Disease, 2014) (Circulation, 2014) [MEDLINE]


Treatment

General Management

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guidelines for Valvular Heart Disease, 2014) (Circulation, 2014) [MEDLINE]

Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis (see Endocarditis, [[Endocarditis]])

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guidelines for Valvular Heart Disease, 2014) (Circulation, 2014) [MEDLINE]

Anticoagulation

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guidelines for Valvular Heart Disease) (Circulation, 2014) [MEDLINE]

Heart Rate Control

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guidelines for Valvular Heart Disease) (Circulation, 2014) [MEDLINE]

Management of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (see Congestive Heart Failure, [[Congestive Heart Failure]])

Percutaneous Mitral Valve Balloon Commissurotomy (see xxxx, [[xxxx]])

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guidelines for Valvular Heart Disease, 2014) (Circulation, 2014) [MEDLINE]

Mitral Valve Replacement (see Mitral Valve Replacement, [[Mitral Valve Replacement]])

Pulmonary Hypertension (see Pulmonary Hypertension, [[Pulmonary Hypertension]])

Clinical Efficacy

Recommendations (American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guidelines for Valvular Heart Disease, 2014) (Circulation, 2014) [MEDLINE]


References

General

Diagnosis

Treatment