Anemia


Etiology of Absolute Anemia (Decreased RBC Volume)

Decreased RBC Production

Hereditary

Acquired

Increased RBC Destruction

Hereditary

Acquired

Acute Hemorrhage


Etiology of Relative Anemia (Increased Plasma Volume)


Physiology


Diagnosis

CBC

Indirect Bilirubin

Iron Studies

Vitamin B12 Level

Folate Level

LDH

Haptoglobin

Urine Hemoglobin

Urobilinogen

Peripheral Smear

Reticulocytes

Direct Coombs Test (Direct Anti-Globulin Test)


Clinical Differentiation of Hemolytic Syndromes






Clinical Differentiation of Intravascular Hemolysis Syndromes






Clinical Manifestations

Cardiovascular Manifestations

Angina/Chest Pain (see Chest Pain, [[Chest Pain]])

Dermatologic Manifestations

Pallor

Pulmonary Manifestations

Dyspnea (see Dyspnea, [[Dyspnea]])

Other Manifestations


Treatment

Iron

Erythropoetin (see Erythropoetin, [[Erythropoetin]])

Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC) (see Packed Red Blood Cells, [[Packed Red Blood Cells]])


References